Generic name
(BRAND NAME)
|
Species origin of venom toxin
|
Mechanism of action
|
Indication (Diseases)
|
Approved drugs and therapies in clinical use
|
|
captopril
(CAPOTEN®)
|
|
Jararaca pit viper
snake
(Bothrops
jararaca)
|
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
|
hypertension, cardiac failure
|
|
enalapril
(VASOTEC®)
|
|
Jararaca pit viper
snake
(Bothrops
jararaca)
|
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
|
hypertension, cardiac failure
|
|
exenatide
(BYETTA®)
|
|
Gila monster lizard
(Heloderma
suspectum)
|
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
|
type 2 diabetes mellitus
|
|
exenatide
(BYDUREON®)
|
|
Gila monster lizard
(Heloderma
suspectum)
|
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (extended
release)
|
type 2 diabetes mellitus
|
|
ziconotide
(PRIALT®)
|
|
Magical cone marine snail
(Conus
magus)
|
Cav2.2 channel antagonist
|
management of severe chronic pain
|
|
bivalirudin
(ANGIOMAX®)
|
|
European medicinal leech
(Hirudo
medicinalis)
|
reversible direct thrombin inhibitor
|
anticoagulant in percutaneous coronary intervention
|
|
lepirudin
(REFLUDAN®)
|
|
European medicinal leech
(Hirudo
medicinalis)
|
binds irreversibly to thrombin
|
anticoagulation in heparin-associated thrombocytopenia;
thromboembolic disease
|
|
desirudin
(IPRIVASK®)
|
|
European medicinal leech
(Hirudo
medicinalis)
|
selective and near- irreversible
inhibitor of thrombin
|
prevention of venous thrombotic events
|
|
tirofiban
(AGGRASTAT®)
|
|
Saw-scaled viper snake
(Echis
carinatus)
|
antagonist of fibrinogen binding to the GPlIb/lIla
receptor
|
acute coronary syndrome
|
|
eptifibatide
(INTEGRILIN®)
|
|
Pigmy rattlesnake
(Sistrurus
miliarius)
|
prevents binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and
other adhesive ligands to GPIIb/IIIa
|
acute coronary syndrome; percutaneous coronary
intervention
|
|
batroxobin
(DEFIBRASE®)
|
|
Common lancehead snake
(Bothrops
atrox); or
Brazilian lancehead
snake
(Bothrops
moojeni) |
cleaves Aα-chain of fibrinogen
|
acute cerebral infarction; unspecific angina pectoris;
sudden deafness
|
|
platelet gel
(PLATELTEX-ACT®)
|
|
Common lancehead snake
(Bothrops
atrox)
|
cleaves Aα-chain of fibrinogen
|
gelification of blood for topical applications
|
|
fibrin sealant
(VIVOSTAT®)
|
|
Brazilian lancehead
snake
(Bothrops
moojeni)
|
cleaves Aα-chain of fibrinogen
|
autologous fibrin sealant in surgery
|
|
thrombin-like enzymes
|
|
Chinese moccasin snake
(Deinagkistrodon
acutus) or
Siberian pit viper snake
(Gloydius
halys)
or
Ussuri mamushi viper
(Gloydius
ussuriensis)
|
fibrinogenase
|
antithrombotics; defibrinating agent for the treatment and
prevention of thromboembolic disease
|
|
hemocoagulase
(REPTILASE®)
|
|
Common lancehead snake
(Bothrops
atrox) or
Jararaca
pit viper snake
(Bothrops
jararaca) or
Brazilian lancehead snake
(Bothrops
moojeni)
|
cleaves Aα-chain of fibrinogen; factor X
and/or
prothrombin activation
|
prophylaxis and treatment of hemorrhage in surgery
|
|
medicinal leech therapy
|
|
European medicinal leech
(Hirudo verbana) or other species
|
inhibits platelet aggregation and the coagulation cascade
|
skin grafts and reattachment surgery
|
Drugs in clinical trials (in 2016)
|
|
Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide
(cenderitide, CD-NP)
Capricor Therapeutics
|
|
Eastern green mamba
snake
(Dendroaspis angusticeps)
|
inhibit platelet aggregation and the coagulation cascade
|
congestive cardiac failure
|
|
Stichodactyla toxin ShK
(dalazatide, ShK-186)
Kineta
|
|
Sun sea anemone
(Stichodactyla helianthus)
|
Kv1.3 channel antagonist
|
psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid
arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases
|
|
chlorotoxin
(BLZ-100, TM-601)
Blaze Bioscience
|
|
Deathstalker (Yellow
scorpion)
(Leiurus quinquestriatus)
|
binds to membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP),
MMP-2 matrix MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of
metalloproteinase-2, CLC-3 Cl- channel in glioma cells and
other tumors of neuroectodermal origin
|
glioma and other central
nervous system tumors
|
|
soricidin
(SOR-C13)
Soricimed
|
|
Northern short-tailed shrew
(Blarina brevicauda)
|
inhibitor of the Ca2+-selective transient receptor potential channel TRPV6
|
ovarian (and other) cancers
|
Terminated at clinical trial stage
|
|
desmoteplase
--TERMINATED, 2014 Dec--
|
|
Common vampire bat
(Desmodus rotundus)
|
plasminogen activator
a1
with high fibrin specificity
|
acute ischemic stroke
|
